Lakshadweep, an archipelago of 36 islands in the Arabian Sea, has a unique history and rich cultural heritage that reflects its geographical isolation, Islamic influence, and maritime traditions. Here’s an overview of the history and culture of Lakshadweep:

History of Lakshadweep Island

1. Early History

• It is believed that the islands have been inhabited for centuries, possibly dating back to the 5th-6th century CE.
• Legend suggests that the islands were first discovered by shipwrecked sailors or fishermen from the Indian mainland or by people from the neighbouring Malabar Coast (now Kerala).

2. Islamic Influence

• The major turning point in the history of Lakshadweep came in the 7th century, when Islam was introduced. According to local tradition, the revered Arab saint Ubaidullah arrived on the islands in 661 CE and is credited with converting the local population to Islam.
• The spread of Islam played a significant role in shaping the island’s culture, customs, and social structure. Today, the vast majority of the population (over 90%) is Muslim, following the Sunni sect.

3. Colonial Era

• Over the centuries, the islands came under the control of different regional powers, including the Chola Dynasty and later the Cheras and the Kolathiri Kings of Kerala.
• In the 16th century, Portuguese traders arrived, briefly establishing a presence on the islands, but they were expelled by local rulers.
• Eventually, the islands became part of the Kingdom of Mysore under Tipu Sultan in the late 18th century, and after his defeat in the Third Anglo-Mysore War in 1792, the islands came under British control. They remained under the British Raj until India’s independence in 1947.

4. Post-Independence

• After independence, Lakshadweep was administered as part of the Madras Presidency. In 1956, it was made a Union Territory of India. The name was changed from Laccadive, Minicoy, and Amindivi Islands to Lakshadweep in 1973, which means “a hundred thousand islands” in Sanskrit.

Culture of Lakshadweep Island

1. Religion and Social Structure

• Islam is the dominant religion on the islands, and Islamic practices heavily influence the social and cultural life of Lakshadweep. Daily life revolves around religious activities, and festivals like Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Adha are celebrated with enthusiasm.
• The people follow traditional Islamic customs, and Sharia law often guides personal matters such as marriage, inheritance, and family life.

2. Language

• The main language spoken in Lakshadweep is Malayalam, especially on the larger islands like Kavaratti, Kalpeni, and Androth, as the islands are culturally and historically linked to Kerala. On Minicoy Island, however, the people speak Mahl, a dialect of Dhivehi, which is related to the language spoken in the Maldives.
• English is also widely spoken, especially in administrative and educational settings.

3. Music and Dance

• Lakshadweep has a rich tradition of folk music and dance, often performed during festivals and celebrations. Some of the unique art forms include:
  • Parichakali: A traditional dance form that involves rhythmic movements and is often performed during festive occasions.
  • Lava Dance: A lively and colorful dance form that is performed by men and is especially popular on Minicoy Island. It’s often accompanied by drums and local songs.
  • Kolkali: A group dance form, where performers move in a circular formation with small sticks, creating rhythmic sounds and movements.

4. Cuisine

• Lakshadweep’s cuisine is heavily influenced by its coastal geography and Islamic culture. It relies on coconut and seafood as staple ingredients.
  • Fish: Various forms of fish, including tuna, are common in the local diet. Dishes like tuna curry and grilled fish are popular.
  • Coconut-based dishes: Coconut is used in curries, sweets, and as a garnish.
  • Rice: Being an island region, rice is a staple food, often served with fish or meat curries.
  • Sweets: Local desserts often feature coconut, such as sweet coconut balls.

5. Traditional Attire

• Lakshadweep’s traditional clothing is simple, reflecting the islanders’ Islamic faith and modesty. Men typically wear lungis (a type of sarong), while women wear long dresses or burqas in line with Islamic customs. Brightly colored headscarves are also common among women.

6. Maritime Traditions

• The people of Lakshadweep have a long-standing connection to the sea. Many islanders are skilled fishermen, and the economy is heavily dependent on fishing, particularly tuna. The region also has a tradition of boat building and sailing, and historically, the islanders were involved in trade routes across the Arabian Sea.
• The people of Minicoy Island, in particular, are known for their lighthouse-keeping skills and expertise in navigation, which dates back to their involvement in regional and international maritime trade.

7. Architecture

• Lakshadweep’s architecture reflects both Islamic and coastal influences. The mosques on the islands are modest yet beautifully designed, with intricately carved wooden beams and simple white exteriors.
• The homes on the islands are traditionally made of coral stones and wood, designed to be cool and withstand the island’s tropical climate. Modern homes have adopted concrete but still retain a simple, functional design.

Conclusion

Lakshadweep’s history and culture are deeply influenced by its geographic location, Islamic heritage, and maritime traditions. The islands have maintained a distinct cultural identity while also integrating modern influences, making it a unique part of India’s cultural landscape.

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